Thursday, July 21, 2011
SANDAY TYPE 2 SYMBOL STONE July 20th 2011
News on Radio Orkney of the find of a Pictish Symbol Stone under the original flagstone floor of Appiehouse in Sanday. Several pagan ones have been found in Orkney - offhand I can think of the Brough of Birsay [copy there, original South], Greens in South Sanday in St Andrew's [original South], and St Peter's Church at Kirkhouse in Paplay on South Ronaldsay [copy there, original South]. However this one is Christian/Christianised, a cross-slab with a Pictish Beast to one side (sometimes called a sea elephant IIRC). The two elements mean this is classed as Type 2. This is the only one ever found on Orkney and is likely to remain so. Julie Gibson reminds us that these were usually placed prominently to indicate that the owner had turned Christian. The Pictish Beast has by some been identified with the monster that St Columba exorcised from Loch Ness, which in turn is read as a metaphor for the triumph of Christ over the pagan deity. The radio did not mention the obverse - was this side plain or has the stone yet to be lifted, in which case we might hope for an inscription to come.
Appie is usually a placename element associated with the Picts, if not necesssarily always a Pict placename [to forestall arguments]. It is very common in Orkney e.g. there are Appiehouse, Appietown and Upper Appietown in Harray along the line of the road up to Dounby. The farm of Appiehouse in Sanday sits on a very slight mound (the larger farm-mounds on Sanday are called tells after Mesopotamian mounds). At Appiehouse in Harray there is a prominent mound that has at least one standing stone on it. This broken stone is now less than a metre high. With its lack of packing around the base could this too have once been a symbol stone ??
Thinking of the Paplay district in South Ronaldsay presumably as in Holm and Paplay it refers to a priestly settlement. But my fanciful brain reads it as papil-ey 'isle of the priests', and about half a kilometre and roughly N from the church a mound in marshy ground (Kirk Ness ND49SE 7) "appears to have stood on the shore, or been on an island near the shore, of a shallow loch which has been long since drained" (Canmore ID 9609). It might have been a broch, in 1879 the O.S. Name Book gives it as traditionally a Danish Fort (though by 1929 locals though the structure on the knoll to have been fishermen's homes !). The 14' high Sorquoy standing stone is about another half kilometre from the mound and under a kilometre from the church.
News on Radio Orkney of the find of a Pictish Symbol Stone under the original flagstone floor of Appiehouse in Sanday. Several pagan ones have been found in Orkney - offhand I can think of the Brough of Birsay [copy there, original South], Greens in South Sanday in St Andrew's [original South], and St Peter's Church at Kirkhouse in Paplay on South Ronaldsay [copy there, original South]. However this one is Christian/Christianised, a cross-slab with a Pictish Beast to one side (sometimes called a sea elephant IIRC). The two elements mean this is classed as Type 2. This is the only one ever found on Orkney and is likely to remain so. Julie Gibson reminds us that these were usually placed prominently to indicate that the owner had turned Christian. The Pictish Beast has by some been identified with the monster that St Columba exorcised from Loch Ness, which in turn is read as a metaphor for the triumph of Christ over the pagan deity. The radio did not mention the obverse - was this side plain or has the stone yet to be lifted, in which case we might hope for an inscription to come.
Appie is usually a placename element associated with the Picts, if not necesssarily always a Pict placename [to forestall arguments]. It is very common in Orkney e.g. there are Appiehouse, Appietown and Upper Appietown in Harray along the line of the road up to Dounby. The farm of Appiehouse in Sanday sits on a very slight mound (the larger farm-mounds on Sanday are called tells after Mesopotamian mounds). At Appiehouse in Harray there is a prominent mound that has at least one standing stone on it. This broken stone is now less than a metre high. With its lack of packing around the base could this too have once been a symbol stone ??
Thinking of the Paplay district in South Ronaldsay presumably as in Holm and Paplay it refers to a priestly settlement. But my fanciful brain reads it as papil-ey 'isle of the priests', and about half a kilometre and roughly N from the church a mound in marshy ground (Kirk Ness ND49SE 7) "appears to have stood on the shore, or been on an island near the shore, of a shallow loch which has been long since drained" (Canmore ID 9609). It might have been a broch, in 1879 the O.S. Name Book gives it as traditionally a Danish Fort (though by 1929 locals though the structure on the knoll to have been fishermen's homes !). The 14' high Sorquoy standing stone is about another half kilometre from the mound and under a kilometre from the church.
Labels: Appiehouse, Appietown, Kirk Ness, Paplay, Pict, Pictish Symbol Stone, Sanday, Type 2
Friday, July 08, 2011
BLIDE TRUST SOUTH RON WALK June 29th 2011
If it had not been for a locked shed door I would have missed the organised walk to South Ronaldsay. Despite the breeze blowing around in the garden I had managed to corral the leaves at one spot. However I needed a bag to put them in and the shed it were shut. Fortunately the b.f.g. from the day before helped me put the detritus in an incomplete bag. After tidying up for later Lady Luck further favoured me as the troop didn't go off dead on time and there was one place spare. A minibus certainly sure beats being in the back window of Traill-Thompson's Triumph last thing at night for size but the air is hot and humid even before we pile in. Fortunately the big fella shares my problem and eventually the windows open a peedie.
Tradespark I believe is named for the practice of folk gathering at a certain time (or times) of the year in order to get an apprenticeship, work or a continuation. The junction is the beginning of what are called the Holm Straights, a long stretch f road that is treated as a motorway not onl y by 'boy racers' but also supposedly mature adults going to and from work. Be careful as not all blind summits or bends are marked. A little further beyond Kirkwall west of the road Borrowstonehill really is named after a Viking, not for a broch as with this name and similar ones elsewhere, though it is Borgar's mother that held the claim to fame. She owned a fair parcel of land hereabouts. And I've forgotten her name, though I think she lived at Gaitnip (Jadvarstodum). On the other side has been a famous and much visited healing well "on the property of" Glenorkney. Coming to Gaitnip by the cliffs below is the marker buoy for the Royal Oak war grave.
The Mark Stone of Gaitnip is either lost from or been turned into a clapper bridge across the farmtrack. Further eastward on the the St Ola - Holm boundary at the corner from which it goes to Staneloof (Ston Loe), near the road and somewhere along the fence (at HY45690599), should be the another Mark Stone, that named for Dalespot depite being much nearer St Clair Farm. A little further along are The Five Hillocks tumuli - confusingly there are also The Five Hillocks tumuli 3km away in St Andrews (and there were the Five Hillocks clay mounds at Bossack quarry). This group might have been the model for the semi-literary Cicle of Loda. Back on the west side of the road past Deepdale is Netherbutton which lent its name to a WWII radar station. Nothing to see when I've looked.
Coming into the low-lying village of St Mary's there is an excavated broch in the triangle formed by the man road and the Cleat farmroad and the Loch of Ayre. Even knowing where it is all I could see now was grassy lumps and bumps not much above road level, but if you make your way carefully across you can walk around the passages and even see some of the stonework. From the dimensions given you should just see over the top from inside, only from abouthands of the well 'cap' you'd have to be a six footer at least. An archaeology lover's forum has this in the category of 'destroyed broch'. I think they must be thinking of summat the size of Mousa as a complete broch fort we now know that many brochs were only ever one storey high.
If you continue along to Graemeshall (once Meall after the bishop) uphill and turn left at the war memorial you can go along and down into East Holm [very picturesque] or up by the Muir of Meill and into St Andrews, a test of any cyclist. For the South Isles instead you make your way over the Churchill Barriers (weather permitting). On the other end of Barrier No.1 is Lamb Holm with the famous Italian Chapel built by P.O.W.s. On the west side of the road some of the camp's footings survive, and the scant remains of a hugely eroded prehistoric settlement are [or perhaps were, for I've not been for a few years] in the nearby cliff-face. Barrier No.2 takes you to uninhabited Glimps Holm and No.3 to Burray. This is named for its brochs even though the only definite one known presently are the two at the north end. Possibly generically stronghold instead of specifically broch island I think. There used to be a chambered tomb betwixt the twa but this was cleared away from a field corner as it proved an easier mark for those who examined and partly dug the brochs of Northfield and Ayresdale. The nearer, Ayresdale, broch accomodated a searchlight battery that survives nicely (the broch much less so). There appears to have been a burial place at Weddell Point, with possibly even a kirk.
At Viewforth above Echna Loch {good for fishing I hear] is the Fossil And Vintage Centre with a nice tea shop. My favourite display is the one with the phosphorescent and fluorescent rocks periodically illuminated in appropriate lighting - takes a few goes to film them. Despite there being no archaeological records in the vicinity it seems there had also been some kind of ecclesiastical establishment in the centre of Burray as east of the lochan the 1:25,000 shows a Kirklea and a Chapel Cottage. At a guess something small in Reformation times. Burray had been unequally divide into Northtown and Southtown, for Northtown Moss is away in the west towards Hunda (which island might have, or had, a broch of its own). Southtown as far as I can see is restricted to the SE quadrant of Burray. Here St Lawrence Church south of Bu sits atop a mound which to me has to me the appearance of a broch. My friend Dave Lynn, having viewed the images I took, initially agreed with my conclusion. Having now visited the place in the flesh his own assessment is that there are insufficient circular features for it to have the rank of 'possible'. And his professional archaeological speciality is the broch so I shall defer to him. The good news is that there are enough large stones and blocks in the area that there is certainly something major beneath the mound. At the south end of Burray, so still Southtown, other mounds tentatively held to be likely brochs are Hillock of Fea and a site called 'Kyelittle' (close to Housebreck quarry with WWII narrow gauge railway, my nearest approach along the cliff edge) that might be a chambered cairn instead [these can also turn out to be 'settlements'].
Over Barrier No.4 we are finally in the South Parish. South Ronanaldsay is named for an unknown Viking called Rognvald, North Ronald for the Celtic saint Ninian/Niniaw. To begin with they were simply Ronaldsay and Rinansey (ringan=Ninian). Then furriners from ower the Pentland Firth had difficulty with Orcadian pronunciation so they ended up officially North and South Ronaldsay - however North and South Pharay/Fara dropped the compass points to became more confusing, being in the present day Fara and Faray, so mebbe we are hearing tales ? Soon enough we came to The Hope, St Margaret's Hope, originally named for that mysterious Rognvald.
Going west through The Hope takes you to Hoxa, named either for the Howe of Hoxa broch or for the mound beside it tradtion names as an earl's burial place. Not far away is the Kirkiebrae picnic area for the Sands of Wright where child ploughing matches take place on the beach itself. Between broch and coast is Little Howe of Hoxa prehistoric settlement. On Hoxa Hill is The Wart chambered cairn. Outside of The Hope a road from the war memorial heads east to Kirkhouse Point and a lovely fishing station storehouse and a post-mill. About two-thirds of the way, after a crossroads, you come to a hostel at Weemys. Along the eastern edge of the field below this is the Sorquoy/Papley Standing Stone in splended solitude. This stands fourteen feet high and to me the top has been made into a peg like the stones supporting Stonehenge's. Near St Peter's kirkyard is a copy of the Pictish symbol stone that used to be on the church's windowsill.
We are going straight on to our destination. The next bonnie road for views is the Herston circuit, you can do it if you have time as it comes back onto the main road if you avoid Herston itself ! Near the east side of the road between the two ends is Big Howe whose quarry supplied the blue stone for places such as St Magnus Cathedral. Below the returning Herston road an even more minor one goes from the main road down to Sandwick. In a field below the road are the Clouduhall/Cloddyhall standing stone and cairn (hence Stensigar). A little further there are the Nev Hill tomb and cairn, which I failed to find because I walked in front of the farm instead of behind !
Now comes a long and lovely ride up hill and down dale into the ends of South Parish. In the Windwick area on the east seaboard excavations are ongoing into various large Iron Age structures, none of which are actual brochs unfortunately. At the Burwick junction are the remains of of Burwick Loch (Burwick Sheen) on which once stood a kirk with a famous stone that now sits in a slightly younger church (with a delightful small organ). Instead of going west to the ferry pier we turn to the east. Before getting to the south branch road there is a small one that passes the post office where you need to go for the key to the church along the road to Burwick that now holds the Ladykirk Stone (a.k.a. St Magnus Boat). The stone has two foot hollows. A sandstone block bearing the 'impression' of a right foot was found in St Andrew's in the area where you find Mine Howe [Stoney Howe], Round Howe and Long Howe so is likely to have been similarly in (St Ninian's) Chapel.
Going by road it is not difficult to miss the turn-off for the Tomb of The Eagles despite the direction marker. Should have one opposite the junction as well. Once on this road you then need to make sure to take the correct piece for the Banks Bistro rather than the Isbister tomb. To the east of the final stretch to Banks I see a large conical mound, too large to have been missed before now and too clean-cut to be prehistoric (unlike CANMAP on the newer Canmore Mapping they do mark the Banks tomb). On leaving the bus you can see an obvious reason for putting a cairn here - everywhere you look there is a coastal feature on the horizon, making for a virtually complete panorama of sea cliffs mainland and Mainland plus Muckle Skerry with its lighthouse. Closer to on my left I could see over to the ?eastern side of a narrow inlet, its inland end glowing in the sun. At its seaward end the earth dips down and there is what I take for a mound. However this 'enclosure' could be simply a landslip and my photo only shows what I take for two horns of stripped turf curving over.
From the west a wall of weather is coming in across the waters. Its already rained once on the way here, so we fear the worst. Luckily the 'Tomb of The Otters' is slap bang by the customer car park. To my amusement it turns out my companions hadn't realised that the tomb is here as they came for the culinary experience. Ach, my bad. The mound is said to be low - it actually stands a couple of feet proud of the surrounding land. They say it could be seen offshore but I thinks its aforementioned place in the landscape is more important "situation is everything." It occurs to me that it would be a good idea to check whether I can publish photos to the Net before I continue, so I pop over to the Bistro as Sheena checks in with the proprietor. A young lady passes me on to the finder, Hamish Mowatt. The weather arrives light summer rain. He has no firm opinion in response to my question so we wander over to the tomb as he quizzes me on where I shall be placing the images [having worked out who I was on the web] and what my reasons are. We decide that I shall concentrate on the recently restored chamber that first brought attention to the cairn - you can still see a circle above the top of the rock-cut rear wall where he first peered in. As the light rain falls some of my companions go down to the beach (Banks Geo is right next door to Cumla Geo, and cuml 'mound' should have given the game away long ago). I cannot tear myself away from my earnest host and his true-life tales. Time slips by on carpet slippers as he fills me in on what the archaeologists have and have not done and how his own work on site is progressing - the man can also tell you all kinds of stuff to do with the locality and his experience of the archaeologist in the field. Apparently a Scandinavian student archaeologist coming to work at the restaurant could be giving tours when he arrives.
Last year Hamish found a long heavy slab buried alongside the damaged chamber. All that had been above ground had been a few inches of lichen covered corner. Days later I wonder if this could be the possible boundary stone in the NMRS as the online map shows this implausibly down on the shore. On the edge facing into the ground Hamish found a host of markings made in antiquity. An attempt was made to downplay its relationship to the tomb itself - ah, that sacred phrase "in situ" is being applied way too restrictively here, because not only had the stone been buried alongside the disturbed chamber but it also slots into place to complete the capping in the chamber's restoration, not merely somewhere in the vicinity as "not in situ" implies. In April Hamish and a Rousay mason affectionately known as Colin 'Bin Laden' followed Orcadian tradition and sensitively restored the damaged chamber. The stones added to complete the passage were keyed into the existing stones at two key points. To roof the chamber they put back the slab hit by the digger and placed the buried stone over the front of the chamber, where the way that it slotted in confirmed the original fit. In between was filled in by a new slab taken from the shore below. Altogether, even using the digger, it took two days to finish the job - from seven in the morning to seven in the evening of the first day and until four in the afternoon of the second day. The final result justifies the decision to ignore the archaeological authorities leave the capstone over the eastern chamber in place, giving the public a proper idea of how the tomb looked - the purpose of a capstone is to stop the whole falling apart. At some point even one half of the mound itself could be restored. It is interesting to speculate about when the tomb was 'decommissioned' by the removal of that roofing slab, especially in relation to the otter incursions chronology.
Hamish mentioned that he had more marked stones in a shed. Whilst he answered the phone I took my photos of this end of the tomb as agreed - unfortunately my foties of the chamber's actual insides weren't up to snuff, but the important ones were. When I moved away his work on the phone came to a close and he was gracious enough to show me the writings. The shed turned out to be a fair sized new wooden rotunda( by a nice long pond) that for now acted as his peedie interpretation centre, with info around the walls and a camera feed to the chamber at the other end of the long axis. On a table in the middle are three stones full of promise. One is dominated visually by a single vee of large size and broad lines upside-down at the edge [from a larger slab I would hazard]. Some authority tried to claim that this sign owes its existence to contact with the digger, which is bull (as you can see by comparing its mark on the roofing slab with this, no comparison at all !). Indeed along the left channel you can see the individual tool marks made in gouging the channel in antiquity. Lines criss-cross other two stones, both singletons and simple sets. The next day I visited St Magnus Cathedral and noticed some of the blocks have thin straight lines of crystal inclusion gathered in similar groups, imitation using grooves the sincerest form of flattery possibly. If the vees are seen as chevrons it brings up the thorny question of which came first, scribed stones or decorated pot. Of course this assumes that all the 'inscriptions' are art rather than palaeoepigraphy [pre-writing].One of the stones seems to me to distantly foreshadow the Pictish symbol stone as it is more a geometrical shape than a split slab or found rock. Someone else's pictures of stones etcetera accompany article at http://heritageaction.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/scubi%e2%80%99s-scottish-adventures-part-3-banks-tomb/
Alice Roberts will be followed by 360 Production as they continue their behind the scenes look at "Digging for Britain" with her trip here. Perhaps Orkneyjar could then bring the story up to date from material gathered since his last newspaper article. Hamish Mowatt had been hoping to start up a webpage but a family death and pressure of work have meant that this has had to be put on the backburner, for this year at least. Also at some time, if all goes well, the rotunda will be joined by an interpretation centre encompassing the the cairn itself. This is what all the fivers charged are needed for and many more are still needed.
Though not wishing to be involved with material remains such as bones it is possible that he might eventually follow further in the steps of Ronnie Simison (though not alone) if no further funded excavation is on the cards, as appears to be the case despite promises - several times in the local papers from 1825 on I have come across reports where the excavator stated his intent to dig the next year or come back for a continuance, and then decades or even a century later still nothing has happened. Of course the modern reasoning is that these sites are being left to posterity and its advances rather than in reality lack of funding or the search for the next big/new site. He has learned about the different factions amongst the archaeologists, and having found that there are still digs in Orkney where finds are collared by those who did not find them now only has faith in ORCA and the County Archaeologist, like Ronnie having been disparaged by some who should know better.
Came time for lunch and inside the bistro with all its glass felt like a hothouse to me and the big fella. Should have used the outside table if I had thought within my brain. Me Epimetheus 'afterthought'. The gourmet meals for a measly £10.95 were pretty as a picture and filling too, mouthwatering green and vibrant orange carrots. Best local produce. Half the price for a light meal, say £3.50 to a fiver for ordinary and toasted sandwiches (brown and white), paninis and baked tatties. For £4.50 filled my belly with a tuna and sweetcorn tasted sarnie. Ignored the lovely sounding home made desserts and plumped for a clotted cream tea with choice of two plain or fruit scones, also for four pounds fifty either way. Gosh it did me grand. Still eating when the others were done.
Outside once more the Blide Trust were making enquiries about a fishing trip. Offshore there is one of the skerries that his boat can put you on. Hamish can only take (if I remember correctly) about half-a-dozen people. On the other hand does have a few rods for folk to use if they are without. At nine or ten a friend of mine would let me accompany him to a reservoir to fish, but though I remember the maggots I don't remember doing any fishing myself (then I don't have memories of climbing any big trees but a cousin remembers me for that !).
I was surprised to learn that John Hedges is renting another nearby cottage, over towards Liddle, as he further investigates the prehistoric landscape brought to light by Ronnie Simison. 'Wedgie' would love another major site to crown his life's work, after an hiatus due to debilitating illness, but apart from one eventually disappointing 'settlement' has been unlucky thus far. Apparently the great man has made many reports and such on his work at this time. However I must imagine this has been in the nature of what they call 'grey literature' as apart from a initial outline in "The Orcadian" things have been quiet [one would dread it going the same way as the digs at Skaill in Deerness]. Would love an interim 'work in progress' article in the paper guv. As I moved to the bus on the skyline Hamish showed me the mounds Ronnie had investigated between here and the Tomb of The Eagles, and described one in particular. the perfect host invited me back to the neighbourhood any time to see more and volunteered to answer any questions I might email him or phone about. I had to be virtually dragged away. Ah, if I had money or transport I would be back in a flash !
Looked into Simison's landscape. Going westward from the tomb closest are four turf-covered mounds that may or may not be natural. Next comes a group of six low stone cairns averaging 28 feet across and two high, with the largest a fraction over half as high again and forty-eight feet in diameter. These are now described as disturbed - in 1973 Ronnie had trenched two and it is easy to imagine him having gone on to the rest next. The NGR is given as ND46128326 but a 1997 survey gives this as ND460432 with additionally a possibly prehistoric mound at ND462833. Ronnie is known two have dug two mounds with drystane wall kerbs and the O.S. thought one might be linked by a causeway to yet another (which is how the Bronze Age double house north of the Ring of Brodgar once appeared. Don't get your hopes up lad). Further along a probable animal pound (a term almost as useless for dating as "enclosure") had been formed by walling off the SW end of a promontory an area some sixty by forty metres, and has another kerbed cairn within (at ND46338323) that he was investigating at the time of the O.S. visit . Underneath a cairn of more recent vintage grass covers a mound 2' high and about 8m diameter. There ws a double kerb found at the south around a body of stones with some earth, with small horizontal slabs between the twa kerbs - a trench at the SW, then unfinished, found two stones of purpose unknown but larger than the fill. The inner arc seemed to be drystane walling but the outer had been made from larger blocks, both being in courses. A double-kerbed cairn features in the present "Current Archaeology" [August 2011] and has a Bronze Age cist. If you do go this way to the Tomb of The Eagles don't forget to go back by way of the burnt mound to the Simison's museum and cafe so you can pay the tomb's entrance fee. Fair do's.
Starting for Kirkwall the massively ugly tires at Burwick are offset for me by the sight of the grass dressed iron age fort (though you have to know where it is to see it). Full steam ahead. And boy did I. Straight home to strip off and collops.
AFTERWORD The more usual name for an Orcadian boundary stone is Grey/Gray Stone , equivalent to Hoar Stone outside of Orkney.
The ones I know of are;
1) near Hybreck in Orfira (by White Moss) seperating two districts. Seen by me directly below the S side of the road.
2) seperating Evie from Birsa, in 1882 shown approx. 80 feet north of the road 30 degrees west of north of Chrismo - not the present stone. Not seen by me.
3) in 1882 by a corner of the Holm-St Andrews boundary roughly HY501048, almost due W of Moss of Quoykea (admittedly simply labelled stone). Not seen by me.
4) referred to in mediaeval document as "in the mure be Vest Vossand" in St Andrews and seperating Tankereness from Yinstay. I can't even find where Vest Vossand might have been.
P.S. I see there is a place Greystone on the 1:25,000 east of where Burwick Loch is.
If it had not been for a locked shed door I would have missed the organised walk to South Ronaldsay. Despite the breeze blowing around in the garden I had managed to corral the leaves at one spot. However I needed a bag to put them in and the shed it were shut. Fortunately the b.f.g. from the day before helped me put the detritus in an incomplete bag. After tidying up for later Lady Luck further favoured me as the troop didn't go off dead on time and there was one place spare. A minibus certainly sure beats being in the back window of Traill-Thompson's Triumph last thing at night for size but the air is hot and humid even before we pile in. Fortunately the big fella shares my problem and eventually the windows open a peedie.
Tradespark I believe is named for the practice of folk gathering at a certain time (or times) of the year in order to get an apprenticeship, work or a continuation. The junction is the beginning of what are called the Holm Straights, a long stretch f road that is treated as a motorway not onl y by 'boy racers' but also supposedly mature adults going to and from work. Be careful as not all blind summits or bends are marked. A little further beyond Kirkwall west of the road Borrowstonehill really is named after a Viking, not for a broch as with this name and similar ones elsewhere, though it is Borgar's mother that held the claim to fame. She owned a fair parcel of land hereabouts. And I've forgotten her name, though I think she lived at Gaitnip (Jadvarstodum). On the other side has been a famous and much visited healing well "on the property of" Glenorkney. Coming to Gaitnip by the cliffs below is the marker buoy for the Royal Oak war grave.
The Mark Stone of Gaitnip is either lost from or been turned into a clapper bridge across the farmtrack. Further eastward on the the St Ola - Holm boundary at the corner from which it goes to Staneloof (Ston Loe), near the road and somewhere along the fence (at HY45690599), should be the another Mark Stone, that named for Dalespot depite being much nearer St Clair Farm. A little further along are The Five Hillocks tumuli - confusingly there are also The Five Hillocks tumuli 3km away in St Andrews (and there were the Five Hillocks clay mounds at Bossack quarry). This group might have been the model for the semi-literary Cicle of Loda. Back on the west side of the road past Deepdale is Netherbutton which lent its name to a WWII radar station. Nothing to see when I've looked.
Coming into the low-lying village of St Mary's there is an excavated broch in the triangle formed by the man road and the Cleat farmroad and the Loch of Ayre. Even knowing where it is all I could see now was grassy lumps and bumps not much above road level, but if you make your way carefully across you can walk around the passages and even see some of the stonework. From the dimensions given you should just see over the top from inside, only from abouthands of the well 'cap' you'd have to be a six footer at least. An archaeology lover's forum has this in the category of 'destroyed broch'. I think they must be thinking of summat the size of Mousa as a complete broch fort we now know that many brochs were only ever one storey high.
If you continue along to Graemeshall (once Meall after the bishop) uphill and turn left at the war memorial you can go along and down into East Holm [very picturesque] or up by the Muir of Meill and into St Andrews, a test of any cyclist. For the South Isles instead you make your way over the Churchill Barriers (weather permitting). On the other end of Barrier No.1 is Lamb Holm with the famous Italian Chapel built by P.O.W.s. On the west side of the road some of the camp's footings survive, and the scant remains of a hugely eroded prehistoric settlement are [or perhaps were, for I've not been for a few years] in the nearby cliff-face. Barrier No.2 takes you to uninhabited Glimps Holm and No.3 to Burray. This is named for its brochs even though the only definite one known presently are the two at the north end. Possibly generically stronghold instead of specifically broch island I think. There used to be a chambered tomb betwixt the twa but this was cleared away from a field corner as it proved an easier mark for those who examined and partly dug the brochs of Northfield and Ayresdale. The nearer, Ayresdale, broch accomodated a searchlight battery that survives nicely (the broch much less so). There appears to have been a burial place at Weddell Point, with possibly even a kirk.
At Viewforth above Echna Loch {good for fishing I hear] is the Fossil And Vintage Centre with a nice tea shop. My favourite display is the one with the phosphorescent and fluorescent rocks periodically illuminated in appropriate lighting - takes a few goes to film them. Despite there being no archaeological records in the vicinity it seems there had also been some kind of ecclesiastical establishment in the centre of Burray as east of the lochan the 1:25,000 shows a Kirklea and a Chapel Cottage. At a guess something small in Reformation times. Burray had been unequally divide into Northtown and Southtown, for Northtown Moss is away in the west towards Hunda (which island might have, or had, a broch of its own). Southtown as far as I can see is restricted to the SE quadrant of Burray. Here St Lawrence Church south of Bu sits atop a mound which to me has to me the appearance of a broch. My friend Dave Lynn, having viewed the images I took, initially agreed with my conclusion. Having now visited the place in the flesh his own assessment is that there are insufficient circular features for it to have the rank of 'possible'. And his professional archaeological speciality is the broch so I shall defer to him. The good news is that there are enough large stones and blocks in the area that there is certainly something major beneath the mound. At the south end of Burray, so still Southtown, other mounds tentatively held to be likely brochs are Hillock of Fea and a site called 'Kyelittle' (close to Housebreck quarry with WWII narrow gauge railway, my nearest approach along the cliff edge) that might be a chambered cairn instead [these can also turn out to be 'settlements'].
Over Barrier No.4 we are finally in the South Parish. South Ronanaldsay is named for an unknown Viking called Rognvald, North Ronald for the Celtic saint Ninian/Niniaw. To begin with they were simply Ronaldsay and Rinansey (ringan=Ninian). Then furriners from ower the Pentland Firth had difficulty with Orcadian pronunciation so they ended up officially North and South Ronaldsay - however North and South Pharay/Fara dropped the compass points to became more confusing, being in the present day Fara and Faray, so mebbe we are hearing tales ? Soon enough we came to The Hope, St Margaret's Hope, originally named for that mysterious Rognvald.
Going west through The Hope takes you to Hoxa, named either for the Howe of Hoxa broch or for the mound beside it tradtion names as an earl's burial place. Not far away is the Kirkiebrae picnic area for the Sands of Wright where child ploughing matches take place on the beach itself. Between broch and coast is Little Howe of Hoxa prehistoric settlement. On Hoxa Hill is The Wart chambered cairn. Outside of The Hope a road from the war memorial heads east to Kirkhouse Point and a lovely fishing station storehouse and a post-mill. About two-thirds of the way, after a crossroads, you come to a hostel at Weemys. Along the eastern edge of the field below this is the Sorquoy/Papley Standing Stone in splended solitude. This stands fourteen feet high and to me the top has been made into a peg like the stones supporting Stonehenge's. Near St Peter's kirkyard is a copy of the Pictish symbol stone that used to be on the church's windowsill.
We are going straight on to our destination. The next bonnie road for views is the Herston circuit, you can do it if you have time as it comes back onto the main road if you avoid Herston itself ! Near the east side of the road between the two ends is Big Howe whose quarry supplied the blue stone for places such as St Magnus Cathedral. Below the returning Herston road an even more minor one goes from the main road down to Sandwick. In a field below the road are the Clouduhall/Cloddyhall standing stone and cairn (hence Stensigar). A little further there are the Nev Hill tomb and cairn, which I failed to find because I walked in front of the farm instead of behind !
Now comes a long and lovely ride up hill and down dale into the ends of South Parish. In the Windwick area on the east seaboard excavations are ongoing into various large Iron Age structures, none of which are actual brochs unfortunately. At the Burwick junction are the remains of of Burwick Loch (Burwick Sheen) on which once stood a kirk with a famous stone that now sits in a slightly younger church (with a delightful small organ). Instead of going west to the ferry pier we turn to the east. Before getting to the south branch road there is a small one that passes the post office where you need to go for the key to the church along the road to Burwick that now holds the Ladykirk Stone (a.k.a. St Magnus Boat). The stone has two foot hollows. A sandstone block bearing the 'impression' of a right foot was found in St Andrew's in the area where you find Mine Howe [Stoney Howe], Round Howe and Long Howe so is likely to have been similarly in (St Ninian's) Chapel.
Going by road it is not difficult to miss the turn-off for the Tomb of The Eagles despite the direction marker. Should have one opposite the junction as well. Once on this road you then need to make sure to take the correct piece for the Banks Bistro rather than the Isbister tomb. To the east of the final stretch to Banks I see a large conical mound, too large to have been missed before now and too clean-cut to be prehistoric (unlike CANMAP on the newer Canmore Mapping they do mark the Banks tomb). On leaving the bus you can see an obvious reason for putting a cairn here - everywhere you look there is a coastal feature on the horizon, making for a virtually complete panorama of sea cliffs mainland and Mainland plus Muckle Skerry with its lighthouse. Closer to on my left I could see over to the ?eastern side of a narrow inlet, its inland end glowing in the sun. At its seaward end the earth dips down and there is what I take for a mound. However this 'enclosure' could be simply a landslip and my photo only shows what I take for two horns of stripped turf curving over.
From the west a wall of weather is coming in across the waters. Its already rained once on the way here, so we fear the worst. Luckily the 'Tomb of The Otters' is slap bang by the customer car park. To my amusement it turns out my companions hadn't realised that the tomb is here as they came for the culinary experience. Ach, my bad. The mound is said to be low - it actually stands a couple of feet proud of the surrounding land. They say it could be seen offshore but I thinks its aforementioned place in the landscape is more important "situation is everything." It occurs to me that it would be a good idea to check whether I can publish photos to the Net before I continue, so I pop over to the Bistro as Sheena checks in with the proprietor. A young lady passes me on to the finder, Hamish Mowatt. The weather arrives light summer rain. He has no firm opinion in response to my question so we wander over to the tomb as he quizzes me on where I shall be placing the images [having worked out who I was on the web] and what my reasons are. We decide that I shall concentrate on the recently restored chamber that first brought attention to the cairn - you can still see a circle above the top of the rock-cut rear wall where he first peered in. As the light rain falls some of my companions go down to the beach (Banks Geo is right next door to Cumla Geo, and cuml 'mound' should have given the game away long ago). I cannot tear myself away from my earnest host and his true-life tales. Time slips by on carpet slippers as he fills me in on what the archaeologists have and have not done and how his own work on site is progressing - the man can also tell you all kinds of stuff to do with the locality and his experience of the archaeologist in the field. Apparently a Scandinavian student archaeologist coming to work at the restaurant could be giving tours when he arrives.
Last year Hamish found a long heavy slab buried alongside the damaged chamber. All that had been above ground had been a few inches of lichen covered corner. Days later I wonder if this could be the possible boundary stone in the NMRS as the online map shows this implausibly down on the shore. On the edge facing into the ground Hamish found a host of markings made in antiquity. An attempt was made to downplay its relationship to the tomb itself - ah, that sacred phrase "in situ" is being applied way too restrictively here, because not only had the stone been buried alongside the disturbed chamber but it also slots into place to complete the capping in the chamber's restoration, not merely somewhere in the vicinity as "not in situ" implies. In April Hamish and a Rousay mason affectionately known as Colin 'Bin Laden' followed Orcadian tradition and sensitively restored the damaged chamber. The stones added to complete the passage were keyed into the existing stones at two key points. To roof the chamber they put back the slab hit by the digger and placed the buried stone over the front of the chamber, where the way that it slotted in confirmed the original fit. In between was filled in by a new slab taken from the shore below. Altogether, even using the digger, it took two days to finish the job - from seven in the morning to seven in the evening of the first day and until four in the afternoon of the second day. The final result justifies the decision to ignore the archaeological authorities leave the capstone over the eastern chamber in place, giving the public a proper idea of how the tomb looked - the purpose of a capstone is to stop the whole falling apart. At some point even one half of the mound itself could be restored. It is interesting to speculate about when the tomb was 'decommissioned' by the removal of that roofing slab, especially in relation to the otter incursions chronology.
Hamish mentioned that he had more marked stones in a shed. Whilst he answered the phone I took my photos of this end of the tomb as agreed - unfortunately my foties of the chamber's actual insides weren't up to snuff, but the important ones were. When I moved away his work on the phone came to a close and he was gracious enough to show me the writings. The shed turned out to be a fair sized new wooden rotunda( by a nice long pond) that for now acted as his peedie interpretation centre, with info around the walls and a camera feed to the chamber at the other end of the long axis. On a table in the middle are three stones full of promise. One is dominated visually by a single vee of large size and broad lines upside-down at the edge [from a larger slab I would hazard]. Some authority tried to claim that this sign owes its existence to contact with the digger, which is bull (as you can see by comparing its mark on the roofing slab with this, no comparison at all !). Indeed along the left channel you can see the individual tool marks made in gouging the channel in antiquity. Lines criss-cross other two stones, both singletons and simple sets. The next day I visited St Magnus Cathedral and noticed some of the blocks have thin straight lines of crystal inclusion gathered in similar groups, imitation using grooves the sincerest form of flattery possibly. If the vees are seen as chevrons it brings up the thorny question of which came first, scribed stones or decorated pot. Of course this assumes that all the 'inscriptions' are art rather than palaeoepigraphy [pre-writing].One of the stones seems to me to distantly foreshadow the Pictish symbol stone as it is more a geometrical shape than a split slab or found rock. Someone else's pictures of stones etcetera accompany article at http://heritageaction.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/scubi%e2%80%99s-scottish-adventures-part-3-banks-tomb/
Alice Roberts will be followed by 360 Production as they continue their behind the scenes look at "Digging for Britain" with her trip here. Perhaps Orkneyjar could then bring the story up to date from material gathered since his last newspaper article. Hamish Mowatt had been hoping to start up a webpage but a family death and pressure of work have meant that this has had to be put on the backburner, for this year at least. Also at some time, if all goes well, the rotunda will be joined by an interpretation centre encompassing the the cairn itself. This is what all the fivers charged are needed for and many more are still needed.
Though not wishing to be involved with material remains such as bones it is possible that he might eventually follow further in the steps of Ronnie Simison (though not alone) if no further funded excavation is on the cards, as appears to be the case despite promises - several times in the local papers from 1825 on I have come across reports where the excavator stated his intent to dig the next year or come back for a continuance, and then decades or even a century later still nothing has happened. Of course the modern reasoning is that these sites are being left to posterity and its advances rather than in reality lack of funding or the search for the next big/new site. He has learned about the different factions amongst the archaeologists, and having found that there are still digs in Orkney where finds are collared by those who did not find them now only has faith in ORCA and the County Archaeologist, like Ronnie having been disparaged by some who should know better.
Came time for lunch and inside the bistro with all its glass felt like a hothouse to me and the big fella. Should have used the outside table if I had thought within my brain. Me Epimetheus 'afterthought'. The gourmet meals for a measly £10.95 were pretty as a picture and filling too, mouthwatering green and vibrant orange carrots. Best local produce. Half the price for a light meal, say £3.50 to a fiver for ordinary and toasted sandwiches (brown and white), paninis and baked tatties. For £4.50 filled my belly with a tuna and sweetcorn tasted sarnie. Ignored the lovely sounding home made desserts and plumped for a clotted cream tea with choice of two plain or fruit scones, also for four pounds fifty either way. Gosh it did me grand. Still eating when the others were done.
Outside once more the Blide Trust were making enquiries about a fishing trip. Offshore there is one of the skerries that his boat can put you on. Hamish can only take (if I remember correctly) about half-a-dozen people. On the other hand does have a few rods for folk to use if they are without. At nine or ten a friend of mine would let me accompany him to a reservoir to fish, but though I remember the maggots I don't remember doing any fishing myself (then I don't have memories of climbing any big trees but a cousin remembers me for that !).
I was surprised to learn that John Hedges is renting another nearby cottage, over towards Liddle, as he further investigates the prehistoric landscape brought to light by Ronnie Simison. 'Wedgie' would love another major site to crown his life's work, after an hiatus due to debilitating illness, but apart from one eventually disappointing 'settlement' has been unlucky thus far. Apparently the great man has made many reports and such on his work at this time. However I must imagine this has been in the nature of what they call 'grey literature' as apart from a initial outline in "The Orcadian" things have been quiet [one would dread it going the same way as the digs at Skaill in Deerness]. Would love an interim 'work in progress' article in the paper guv. As I moved to the bus on the skyline Hamish showed me the mounds Ronnie had investigated between here and the Tomb of The Eagles, and described one in particular. the perfect host invited me back to the neighbourhood any time to see more and volunteered to answer any questions I might email him or phone about. I had to be virtually dragged away. Ah, if I had money or transport I would be back in a flash !
Looked into Simison's landscape. Going westward from the tomb closest are four turf-covered mounds that may or may not be natural. Next comes a group of six low stone cairns averaging 28 feet across and two high, with the largest a fraction over half as high again and forty-eight feet in diameter. These are now described as disturbed - in 1973 Ronnie had trenched two and it is easy to imagine him having gone on to the rest next. The NGR is given as ND46128326 but a 1997 survey gives this as ND460432 with additionally a possibly prehistoric mound at ND462833. Ronnie is known two have dug two mounds with drystane wall kerbs and the O.S. thought one might be linked by a causeway to yet another (which is how the Bronze Age double house north of the Ring of Brodgar once appeared. Don't get your hopes up lad). Further along a probable animal pound (a term almost as useless for dating as "enclosure") had been formed by walling off the SW end of a promontory an area some sixty by forty metres, and has another kerbed cairn within (at ND46338323) that he was investigating at the time of the O.S. visit . Underneath a cairn of more recent vintage grass covers a mound 2' high and about 8m diameter. There ws a double kerb found at the south around a body of stones with some earth, with small horizontal slabs between the twa kerbs - a trench at the SW, then unfinished, found two stones of purpose unknown but larger than the fill. The inner arc seemed to be drystane walling but the outer had been made from larger blocks, both being in courses. A double-kerbed cairn features in the present "Current Archaeology" [August 2011] and has a Bronze Age cist. If you do go this way to the Tomb of The Eagles don't forget to go back by way of the burnt mound to the Simison's museum and cafe so you can pay the tomb's entrance fee. Fair do's.
Starting for Kirkwall the massively ugly tires at Burwick are offset for me by the sight of the grass dressed iron age fort (though you have to know where it is to see it). Full steam ahead. And boy did I. Straight home to strip off and collops.
AFTERWORD The more usual name for an Orcadian boundary stone is Grey/Gray Stone , equivalent to Hoar Stone outside of Orkney.
The ones I know of are;
1) near Hybreck in Orfira (by White Moss) seperating two districts. Seen by me directly below the S side of the road.
2) seperating Evie from Birsa, in 1882 shown approx. 80 feet north of the road 30 degrees west of north of Chrismo - not the present stone. Not seen by me.
3) in 1882 by a corner of the Holm-St Andrews boundary roughly HY501048, almost due W of Moss of Quoykea (admittedly simply labelled stone). Not seen by me.
4) referred to in mediaeval document as "in the mure be Vest Vossand" in St Andrews and seperating Tankereness from Yinstay. I can't even find where Vest Vossand might have been.
P.S. I see there is a place Greystone on the 1:25,000 east of where Burwick Loch is.
Labels: Banks Tomb, Gray Stone, Grey Stone, Ladykirk Stone, Liddel, Liddle, March Stone, Neolithic signs, palaeoepigraphy, St Lawrence Church, St Magnus Boat, St Ninian's Chapel, Tomb of the Otters
Sunday, July 03, 2011
HAPPY VALLEY TO SCALE June 28th 2011
Finished my work at the Blide Trust with time to spare for the camera club trip, led by someone who turned out to be called Claire. And fortunately there was still space on the eight-seater Caravelle.
We were going to visit Happy Valley in Stenness parish, which I had always intended to visit - like many ferryloupers I need the green, and on occasion graminiferae (grasses) just won't do ;-) . Actually as an archaeophile I would love to have gone to the end of the Bigswell road itself. On midsummer eve a fire was lit on the ridge of Bigswell Hill, possibly the mound shown west of Mid Bigswell. And in this area is a holy well - children bathed here as part of ceremonies that continued at the Stone of Odin, and kneeling lovers drank the waters prior to taking the vow of Odin at said stone. This was also a healing well. At Beltane patients circled the sacred well deosil (clockwise) before taking a drink from the waters. Those who were epileptic or unsound of mind were plunged into it before being left overnight tied to a post beside the well (I am reminded of the stake left to mark the position of the Kethesgeo stone in Stenness' Clouston district). Presuming that the traditions do indeed relate to one particular well there are differing opinions as to which.it is. Moderns prefer a well at HY3345810462, fifty yards from the Mid Bigswell on a slope over the road. Antiquarians preferred one (HY3362110813) in the Moss of Bigswald below Nether Bigswell with alignments to the Standing Stones on the
Beltane and Midwinter lines, though the wellspring shown SE of Lower/Nether Bigswell, with 'drain', is an even better fit to the description. Here an underground passage of several yards length streamed water to a high-capacity spring with a well (once several yards across) having one or two steps into it.
It also holds interest for the historian as the last battle on Orkney soil took place mostly on the Moss of Bigswald (i.e. Bigswell) in Symmerdale 'springs valley'. A 1599 Scottish invasion [sorry, "expedition"] was decisively repelled at the Battle of Summerdale - possibly after a failed pincer movement as though the main body of Scots landed at Houton others are said to have come via Wasdale in Firth. The battle started at the Hole o' Pow [pow 'pool'] and the Earl of Caithness and most of the Scots were killed here in the Moss of Bigswald. The two Scottish leaders were buried seperately, Lord Sinclair near the moss with a stone marker [? HY34831058] and the earl on the other side of the Burn of Skaill from the traditional Oback site for the Orphir palace and church of the earls, especially earls Harold and Paul (certainly wherever this was Sweyn Asleifarson escaped from the palace up the Dale of Oback to make for Damsay) . The earl's slab memorial was later broken up for domestic use, sometime before 1898, but back in place by 1927. A group of Bronze Age mounds on the west side of the '50-50' road before reaching the Oback-South Fea crossroads are the "heaps of earth" tradition places over the Scottish slain, just by my choice for his lordship's marker. Some Caithness refugees are said to have retreated and sought asylum at the kirk on the Loch of Wasdale after throwing their arms into the Loch of Lummagen by Kebro (the lochan disappeared overnight last century with no finds reported despite many stones having been been removed previously). Aft gang aglae, hey.
The minibus side-door is a bit of a three bears when you are on the inside as when you try to shut it mostly it either does not catch or else bounces back. Fortunately the front seat passenger did the deed from ouside, a grizzled pyramid of a man even taller than Claire. Alongside me sat a mature student nurse on secondment to Orkney. In the back a quiet man sat quietly. Turned out our guide had never been to Happy Valley before and had little idea how to get there - coming from Kirkwall, after you pass the road to the rings and Knowes of Broidgar on your right and then on your left is a branch road with a 'no through road' symbol, which is where you need to go. Then past the Stoursdale farmroad turning [if I remember correctly mysen ;-) ] is another near the southern end of the Happy Valley plantation. There is a kind of rough car parking space, in a tight squeeze you might fit in as many cars as the minibus sat people. This keeps traffic small and light, preserving the tranquility and saving the roads from unbudgeted 'wear and tear'.
A babbling brook runs through it, and we could have done with more talk less hurry. This is part of the Burn of Russadale that runs below the west flank of Brown Hill from Mid Hill and eventually comes past Dams and nigh the main road - there is a Millhouse east of the school. It were nice to see two lads with strimmers doing the cottage lawn. Claire pointed out several rusty pieces of ironmongery sitting against the end wall but nobody bit - wrong shade of rust for me ! The old boy who created the place made plenty of nooks and crannies with many walls of varied stone and aspect, you wonder what might have been before him if anything. By the ford the rectangular structure that looks to be the remains of a mill is the electricity generator, the deteriorating plywood water-wheel perhap a recycled SWA cable drum. Further down the burn has a pair of sweeping curves, a double cutting walled along one bank like that along the millstream in Binscarth plantation - upstream there is another cutting slightly east of a line from (Upper) Bigswell to Dow(a)scarth/Dowsgarth. Signs of restoration are evident in the multifarious kinds of stone used. One rectangular red block near the base catches my eye, having two semi-circular cuts along the bottom edge like half a pair of stocks upside-down. Strange. It is at this point that Claire has to go back for the quiet man, who has obviously made the most of his time here for photography. After a while he is found and we wend our way froward once more. Eventually the path comes to the western end of the plantation and you either go up to the Bigswell road or return whence you came - I don't think we did the full trail ourselves. Nobody slowed to look at the orchids. I know they are over-common this year, still...
Despite the hiatus the trip is well up on time. So as the nurse is only here until Friday it is decided to take her up into Sandwick for a "brilliant" view of Skaill bay. Unfortunately it is a while since the driver had been this way and we missed a nearer road to Skaill and ended up going by one further along the way to Birsay. We stopped at the parish church[? Mobisyard] and got out.
East of the road near the Burn of Rin (Ringan=Ninian) is the recently excavated Viking longhouse mound next to Castle of Snusgar - except that the excavators found that the latter went out of use in mediaeval times and there is a 19thC reference to seeing the building near the coast from a coach. My bet for the site of that building is the Lenahowe/Linnahowe mound with a top to bottom rectangular cut next the high southern end. Today the mound is camouflaged by innumerable clumps of herbage. In front of the church a small circular road runs round a high enclosure [? Mobhisland/Moarisland], close to whose south end Viking graves were found - if it were not for the fact that the Skaill Hoard is reported as found on the Castle of Snusgar by the Burn of Rin then I would have placed its findspot about here.
A 'drain' runs beside the west side of the kirkyard, and after the kirkyard corner there is above the west bank a long wall of bonnie white stone stones and blocks. From here I can see the Knowe of Verron on the horizon. This is a broch that (?later) found use for iron-making. If not here then abouthands going back to a streamlet is the traditional site for St Lawrence stook [stouk 'prebend'] and monastery, with large stones covering an acre almost of which some were used in building Lenahowe farmhouse. There are the most glorious waves bedazzled with sun on both sides of the Bay of Skaill. Some climb up the Hole o' Row only to fall back upon themselves. I head over to the kirk to try once more to find the well. Still no luck. Making my way oot the kirkyard I see by the gate a heart-shaped box. No, no. Block carved into a large heart. Surprised this hasn't gone the way of the broch's furnace base, half-inched in the middle of the excavations !!
Owing to the time lost being lost Claire didn't take us via Twatt kirk to give the nurse that c**p photo-op. Back in Kirkwall, expecting a final 'word', we wait on our guide. No to hanging on she says. I think of folIowing the others inside but I feel tremendously hot and sticky. Would love to socialise except I feel as if I would slip clean out of my claes into a pile on the floor.
Finished my work at the Blide Trust with time to spare for the camera club trip, led by someone who turned out to be called Claire. And fortunately there was still space on the eight-seater Caravelle.
We were going to visit Happy Valley in Stenness parish, which I had always intended to visit - like many ferryloupers I need the green, and on occasion graminiferae (grasses) just won't do ;-) . Actually as an archaeophile I would love to have gone to the end of the Bigswell road itself. On midsummer eve a fire was lit on the ridge of Bigswell Hill, possibly the mound shown west of Mid Bigswell. And in this area is a holy well - children bathed here as part of ceremonies that continued at the Stone of Odin, and kneeling lovers drank the waters prior to taking the vow of Odin at said stone. This was also a healing well. At Beltane patients circled the sacred well deosil (clockwise) before taking a drink from the waters. Those who were epileptic or unsound of mind were plunged into it before being left overnight tied to a post beside the well (I am reminded of the stake left to mark the position of the Kethesgeo stone in Stenness' Clouston district). Presuming that the traditions do indeed relate to one particular well there are differing opinions as to which.it is. Moderns prefer a well at HY3345810462, fifty yards from the Mid Bigswell on a slope over the road. Antiquarians preferred one (HY3362110813) in the Moss of Bigswald below Nether Bigswell with alignments to the Standing Stones on the
Beltane and Midwinter lines, though the wellspring shown SE of Lower/Nether Bigswell, with 'drain', is an even better fit to the description. Here an underground passage of several yards length streamed water to a high-capacity spring with a well (once several yards across) having one or two steps into it.
It also holds interest for the historian as the last battle on Orkney soil took place mostly on the Moss of Bigswald (i.e. Bigswell) in Symmerdale 'springs valley'. A 1599 Scottish invasion [sorry, "expedition"] was decisively repelled at the Battle of Summerdale - possibly after a failed pincer movement as though the main body of Scots landed at Houton others are said to have come via Wasdale in Firth. The battle started at the Hole o' Pow [pow 'pool'] and the Earl of Caithness and most of the Scots were killed here in the Moss of Bigswald. The two Scottish leaders were buried seperately, Lord Sinclair near the moss with a stone marker [? HY34831058] and the earl on the other side of the Burn of Skaill from the traditional Oback site for the Orphir palace and church of the earls, especially earls Harold and Paul (certainly wherever this was Sweyn Asleifarson escaped from the palace up the Dale of Oback to make for Damsay) . The earl's slab memorial was later broken up for domestic use, sometime before 1898, but back in place by 1927. A group of Bronze Age mounds on the west side of the '50-50' road before reaching the Oback-South Fea crossroads are the "heaps of earth" tradition places over the Scottish slain, just by my choice for his lordship's marker. Some Caithness refugees are said to have retreated and sought asylum at the kirk on the Loch of Wasdale after throwing their arms into the Loch of Lummagen by Kebro (the lochan disappeared overnight last century with no finds reported despite many stones having been been removed previously). Aft gang aglae, hey.
The minibus side-door is a bit of a three bears when you are on the inside as when you try to shut it mostly it either does not catch or else bounces back. Fortunately the front seat passenger did the deed from ouside, a grizzled pyramid of a man even taller than Claire. Alongside me sat a mature student nurse on secondment to Orkney. In the back a quiet man sat quietly. Turned out our guide had never been to Happy Valley before and had little idea how to get there - coming from Kirkwall, after you pass the road to the rings and Knowes of Broidgar on your right and then on your left is a branch road with a 'no through road' symbol, which is where you need to go. Then past the Stoursdale farmroad turning [if I remember correctly mysen ;-) ] is another near the southern end of the Happy Valley plantation. There is a kind of rough car parking space, in a tight squeeze you might fit in as many cars as the minibus sat people. This keeps traffic small and light, preserving the tranquility and saving the roads from unbudgeted 'wear and tear'.
A babbling brook runs through it, and we could have done with more talk less hurry. This is part of the Burn of Russadale that runs below the west flank of Brown Hill from Mid Hill and eventually comes past Dams and nigh the main road - there is a Millhouse east of the school. It were nice to see two lads with strimmers doing the cottage lawn. Claire pointed out several rusty pieces of ironmongery sitting against the end wall but nobody bit - wrong shade of rust for me ! The old boy who created the place made plenty of nooks and crannies with many walls of varied stone and aspect, you wonder what might have been before him if anything. By the ford the rectangular structure that looks to be the remains of a mill is the electricity generator, the deteriorating plywood water-wheel perhap a recycled SWA cable drum. Further down the burn has a pair of sweeping curves, a double cutting walled along one bank like that along the millstream in Binscarth plantation - upstream there is another cutting slightly east of a line from (Upper) Bigswell to Dow(a)scarth/Dowsgarth. Signs of restoration are evident in the multifarious kinds of stone used. One rectangular red block near the base catches my eye, having two semi-circular cuts along the bottom edge like half a pair of stocks upside-down. Strange. It is at this point that Claire has to go back for the quiet man, who has obviously made the most of his time here for photography. After a while he is found and we wend our way froward once more. Eventually the path comes to the western end of the plantation and you either go up to the Bigswell road or return whence you came - I don't think we did the full trail ourselves. Nobody slowed to look at the orchids. I know they are over-common this year, still...
Despite the hiatus the trip is well up on time. So as the nurse is only here until Friday it is decided to take her up into Sandwick for a "brilliant" view of Skaill bay. Unfortunately it is a while since the driver had been this way and we missed a nearer road to Skaill and ended up going by one further along the way to Birsay. We stopped at the parish church[? Mobisyard] and got out.
East of the road near the Burn of Rin (Ringan=Ninian) is the recently excavated Viking longhouse mound next to Castle of Snusgar - except that the excavators found that the latter went out of use in mediaeval times and there is a 19thC reference to seeing the building near the coast from a coach. My bet for the site of that building is the Lenahowe/Linnahowe mound with a top to bottom rectangular cut next the high southern end. Today the mound is camouflaged by innumerable clumps of herbage. In front of the church a small circular road runs round a high enclosure [? Mobhisland/Moarisland], close to whose south end Viking graves were found - if it were not for the fact that the Skaill Hoard is reported as found on the Castle of Snusgar by the Burn of Rin then I would have placed its findspot about here.
A 'drain' runs beside the west side of the kirkyard, and after the kirkyard corner there is above the west bank a long wall of bonnie white stone stones and blocks. From here I can see the Knowe of Verron on the horizon. This is a broch that (?later) found use for iron-making. If not here then abouthands going back to a streamlet is the traditional site for St Lawrence stook [stouk 'prebend'] and monastery, with large stones covering an acre almost of which some were used in building Lenahowe farmhouse. There are the most glorious waves bedazzled with sun on both sides of the Bay of Skaill. Some climb up the Hole o' Row only to fall back upon themselves. I head over to the kirk to try once more to find the well. Still no luck. Making my way oot the kirkyard I see by the gate a heart-shaped box. No, no. Block carved into a large heart. Surprised this hasn't gone the way of the broch's furnace base, half-inched in the middle of the excavations !!
Owing to the time lost being lost Claire didn't take us via Twatt kirk to give the nurse that c**p photo-op. Back in Kirkwall, expecting a final 'word', we wait on our guide. No to hanging on she says. I think of folIowing the others inside but I feel tremendously hot and sticky. Would love to socialise except I feel as if I would slip clean out of my claes into a pile on the floor.
Labels: Battle of Summerdale, Bigswell, Castle of Snusgar, Earl of Caithness, Happy Valley, Lord Sinclair, St Lawrence Stook, Stone of Odin
Friday, July 01, 2011
BANKS TOMB OF THE OTTERS June 29th 2011
If it had not been for a locked shed door I would have missed the organised walk to South Ronaldsay. After tidying up for later it helped that we didn't go off dead on time. A ride in a minibus certainly beats being in the back window of Traill-Thompson's Triumph last thing at night but the air is hot and humid even before we pile in. A long and lovely ride up hill and down dale into the South Parish. Before getting to the branch road there is the one that passes the post office where you need to go for the key to the church along the road to Burwick that now holds the Ladykirk Stone (a.k.a. St Magnus Boat). The stone has two foot hollows. A sandstone block bearing the 'impression' of a right foot was found in St Andrew's in the area where you find Mine Howe [Stoney Howe], Round Howe and Long Howe so is likely to have been similarly in (St Ninian's) Chapel.
Going by road it is not difficult to miss the turn-off for the Tomb of The Eagles despite the direction marker. Should have one opposite the junction as well. Once on this road you then need to make sure to take the correct piece for the Banks Bistro rather than the Isbister tomb. To the right of the final stretch I see a large conical mound, too large to have been missed before now and too clean-cut to be prehistoric (unlike CANMAP on the newer Canmore Mapping they do mark the Banks tomb). On leaving the bus the horizon presented several panoramas; long lines of cliff and Muckle Skerry with its lighthouse. Nearer to my left I saw a section of cliff lit up on the far side of a narrow inlet. At its far end the earth dips down and there is what I take for a mound though my photo only resembles two horns of stripped turf. Further away and near the horizon there is a wall of weather coming in across the waters to my right. The 'Tomb of The Otters' is slap bang by the customer car park. Only now do I find out none of my companions had realised about the tomb being here, they've come for the culinary experience after their walk. My gaffe. The weather arrives light summer rain. Decide it would be a good idea to check whether I can publish photos to the Net. A young lady passes me on to the finder, Hamish Mowatt, who guesses that I am Wideford but has no firm opinion in response to my question.
The mound is said to be low. It actually stands a couple of feet proud of the surrounding land, which is nae bad really. We decide that I shall concentrate on the recently restored chamber that first brought attention to the cairn - you can still see a circle above the top of the rock-cut rear wall where he frst peered in. Last year he found a long heavy slab buried alongside the damaged chamber. All that had been above ground had been a few inches of litch covered corner. On the edge facing into the ground Hamish found a host of markings made in antiquity. An attempt was made to downplay its relationship to the tomb itself - ah, that sacred phrase "in situ" is being applied way too restrictively here, because not only had the stone been buried alongside the disturbed chamber but it also slots into place to complete the capping in the chamber's restoration, not merely somewhere in the vicinity as "not in situ" implies. In April the owner and a Rousay mason affectionately known as Colin 'Bin Laden' followed Orcadian tradition and sensitively restored the damaged chamber. The stones added to complete the passage were keyed into the existing stones at two key points. To roof the chamber they put back the slab hit by the digger and placed the buried stone over the front of the chamber, where the way that it slotted in confirmed the original fit. In between was filled in by a new slab taken from the shore below. Altogether, even using the digger, it took two days to finish the job - from seven in the morning to seven in the evening of the first day and until four in the afternoon of the second day. The final result justifies the decision to ignore the archaeological authorities leave the capstone over the eastern chamber in place, giving the public a proper idea of how the tomb looked - the purpose of a capstone is to stop the whole falling apart. It is interesting to speculate about when the tomb was 'decommissioned' by the removal of that roofing slab, especially in relation to the otter incursions chronology.
The man's a gae good yarn teller, can tell you all kinds of stuff to do with the locality and his experience of the archaeologist in the field. Could have listened to him until the cows came home, as it were. Only the truth of it comes from him, though a visiting archaeological student will give good tours when he comes to work here. Hamish mentioned that he had more marked stones in a shed. Whilst he answered the phone I took my photos of this end of the tomb as agreed - unfortunately my foties of the chamber's actual insides weren't up to snuff, but the important ones were. When I moved away his work on the phone came to a close and he was gracious enough to show me the writings. The shed turned out to be a fair sized new wooden rotunda that acted as his peedie interpretation centre, with info around the walls and a camera feed to the chamber at the other end of the long axis. On a table in the middle are three stones full of promise. One is dominated visually by a single vee of large size and broad lines upside-down at the edge [from a larger slab I would hazard]. Some authority tried to claim that this sign owes its existence to contact with the digger, which is bull (as you can see by comparing its mark on the roofing slab with this, no comparison at all !). Indeed along the left channel you can see the individual tool marks made in gouging the channel in antiquity. Lines criss-cross other two stones, both singletons and simple sets. The next day I visited St Magnus Cathedral and noticed some of the blocks have thin straight lines of crystal inclusion gathered in similar groups, imitation using grooves the sincerest form of flattery possibly. If the vees are seen as chevrons it brings up the thorny question of which came first, scribed stones or decorated pot. Of course this assumes that all the 'inscriptions' are art rather than palaeoepigraphy [pre-writing].One of the stones seems to me to distantly foreshadow the Pictish symbol stone as it is more a geometrical shape than a split slab or found rock.
Next week Alice Roberts will be followed by 360 Production as they continue their behind the scenes look at "Digging for Britain". Perhaps Sigurd Towrie could use the opportunity to bring the story up to date from material gathered since his last report. Hamish Mowatt had been hoping to start up a webpage but a family death and pressure of work have meant that this has had to be put on the backburner, for this year at least. Though not wishing to be involved with material remains such as bones it is possible that he might eventually follow further in the steps of Ronnie Simison (though not alone) if he ends up in the same position - several times in the local papers from 1825 on I have come across reports where the excavator stated his intent to dig the next year or come back for a continuance, and then decades or even a century later still nothing has happened. Of course the modern reasoning is that these sites are being left to posterity and its advances rather than in reality lack of funding or the search for the next big/new site. He has learned about the different factions amongst the archaeologists, and having found that there are still digs in Orkney where finds are collared by those who did not find them now only has faith in ORCA and the County Archaeologist, like Ronnie having been disparaged by some who should know better.
Speaking of which I was surprised to learn that John Hedges is still renting a nearby cottage, over towards Liddle, as he further investigates the prehistoric landscape brought to light by Ronnie Simison. 'Wedgie' would love another major site to crown his life's work, after an hiatus due to debilitating illness, but apart from one eventually disappointing 'settlement' has been unlucky thus far. Apparently the great man has made many reports and such on his work at this time. However I must imagine this has been in the nature of what they call 'grey literature' as apart from a initial outline in "The Orcadian" things have been quiet [one would dread it going the same way as the digs at Skaill in Deerness]. We would love an interim 'work in progress' article in the paper guv.
Next it were time for lunch. They do light meals such as baked taties, sandwiches and paninis for IIRC £3.50-5.00. Cooking with local produce. Main meals £10.95. Clotted cream tea very filling for four pounds fifty. Several desserts for the discerning palate.
The Blide Trust were making enquiries about a fishing trip. Then on the skyline Hamish showed me the mounds Ronnie had investigated between here and the Tomb of The Eagles, and described one in particular, inviting me back to the neighbourhood to see more. I had to be virtually dragged away. Ah, if I had money or transport. Closest are four turf-covered mounds that may be natural. Next comes a group of six low stone cairns averaging 28 feet across and two high, with the largest a fraction over half as high again and forty-eight feet in diameter. These are now described as disturbed - in 1973 Ronnie had trenched two and it is easy to imagine him having gone on to the rest next. The NGR is given as ND46128326 but a 1997 survey gives this as ND460432 with additionally a possibly prehistoric mound at ND462833. Ronnie is known two have dug two mounds with drystane wall kerbs and the O.S. thought one might be linked by a causeway to yet another [double BA house ??]. Further along a probable animal pound (a term almost as useless for dating as "enclosure") had been formed by walling off the SW end of a promontory an area some sixty by forty metres, and has another kerbed cairn within (at ND46338323) that he was investigating at the time of the O.S. visit [is that what I saw on first alighting ?? Too big]. Underneath a cairn of more recent vintage grass covers a mound 2' high and about 8m diameter. There ws a double kerb found at the south around a body of stones with some earth, with small horizontal slabs between the twa kerbs - a trench at the SW, then unfinished, found two stones of purpose unknown but larger than the fill. The inner arc seemed to be drystane walling but the outer had been made from larger blocks, both being in courses. If you do go this way to the Tomb of The Eagles don't forget to go back by way of the burnt mound to the Simison's museum and cafe so you can pay the tomb's entrance fee. Fair do's.
Starting for Kirkwall the massively ugly tires at Burwick are offset for me by the sight of the grass dressed iron age fort (though you have to know where it is to see it). Full steam ahead. And boy did I. Straight home to strip off and collops.
Any errors and omissions are mine
If it had not been for a locked shed door I would have missed the organised walk to South Ronaldsay. After tidying up for later it helped that we didn't go off dead on time. A ride in a minibus certainly beats being in the back window of Traill-Thompson's Triumph last thing at night but the air is hot and humid even before we pile in. A long and lovely ride up hill and down dale into the South Parish. Before getting to the branch road there is the one that passes the post office where you need to go for the key to the church along the road to Burwick that now holds the Ladykirk Stone (a.k.a. St Magnus Boat). The stone has two foot hollows. A sandstone block bearing the 'impression' of a right foot was found in St Andrew's in the area where you find Mine Howe [Stoney Howe], Round Howe and Long Howe so is likely to have been similarly in (St Ninian's) Chapel.
Going by road it is not difficult to miss the turn-off for the Tomb of The Eagles despite the direction marker. Should have one opposite the junction as well. Once on this road you then need to make sure to take the correct piece for the Banks Bistro rather than the Isbister tomb. To the right of the final stretch I see a large conical mound, too large to have been missed before now and too clean-cut to be prehistoric (unlike CANMAP on the newer Canmore Mapping they do mark the Banks tomb). On leaving the bus the horizon presented several panoramas; long lines of cliff and Muckle Skerry with its lighthouse. Nearer to my left I saw a section of cliff lit up on the far side of a narrow inlet. At its far end the earth dips down and there is what I take for a mound though my photo only resembles two horns of stripped turf. Further away and near the horizon there is a wall of weather coming in across the waters to my right. The 'Tomb of The Otters' is slap bang by the customer car park. Only now do I find out none of my companions had realised about the tomb being here, they've come for the culinary experience after their walk. My gaffe. The weather arrives light summer rain. Decide it would be a good idea to check whether I can publish photos to the Net. A young lady passes me on to the finder, Hamish Mowatt, who guesses that I am Wideford but has no firm opinion in response to my question.
The mound is said to be low. It actually stands a couple of feet proud of the surrounding land, which is nae bad really. We decide that I shall concentrate on the recently restored chamber that first brought attention to the cairn - you can still see a circle above the top of the rock-cut rear wall where he frst peered in. Last year he found a long heavy slab buried alongside the damaged chamber. All that had been above ground had been a few inches of litch covered corner. On the edge facing into the ground Hamish found a host of markings made in antiquity. An attempt was made to downplay its relationship to the tomb itself - ah, that sacred phrase "in situ" is being applied way too restrictively here, because not only had the stone been buried alongside the disturbed chamber but it also slots into place to complete the capping in the chamber's restoration, not merely somewhere in the vicinity as "not in situ" implies. In April the owner and a Rousay mason affectionately known as Colin 'Bin Laden' followed Orcadian tradition and sensitively restored the damaged chamber. The stones added to complete the passage were keyed into the existing stones at two key points. To roof the chamber they put back the slab hit by the digger and placed the buried stone over the front of the chamber, where the way that it slotted in confirmed the original fit. In between was filled in by a new slab taken from the shore below. Altogether, even using the digger, it took two days to finish the job - from seven in the morning to seven in the evening of the first day and until four in the afternoon of the second day. The final result justifies the decision to ignore the archaeological authorities leave the capstone over the eastern chamber in place, giving the public a proper idea of how the tomb looked - the purpose of a capstone is to stop the whole falling apart. It is interesting to speculate about when the tomb was 'decommissioned' by the removal of that roofing slab, especially in relation to the otter incursions chronology.
The man's a gae good yarn teller, can tell you all kinds of stuff to do with the locality and his experience of the archaeologist in the field. Could have listened to him until the cows came home, as it were. Only the truth of it comes from him, though a visiting archaeological student will give good tours when he comes to work here. Hamish mentioned that he had more marked stones in a shed. Whilst he answered the phone I took my photos of this end of the tomb as agreed - unfortunately my foties of the chamber's actual insides weren't up to snuff, but the important ones were. When I moved away his work on the phone came to a close and he was gracious enough to show me the writings. The shed turned out to be a fair sized new wooden rotunda that acted as his peedie interpretation centre, with info around the walls and a camera feed to the chamber at the other end of the long axis. On a table in the middle are three stones full of promise. One is dominated visually by a single vee of large size and broad lines upside-down at the edge [from a larger slab I would hazard]. Some authority tried to claim that this sign owes its existence to contact with the digger, which is bull (as you can see by comparing its mark on the roofing slab with this, no comparison at all !). Indeed along the left channel you can see the individual tool marks made in gouging the channel in antiquity. Lines criss-cross other two stones, both singletons and simple sets. The next day I visited St Magnus Cathedral and noticed some of the blocks have thin straight lines of crystal inclusion gathered in similar groups, imitation using grooves the sincerest form of flattery possibly. If the vees are seen as chevrons it brings up the thorny question of which came first, scribed stones or decorated pot. Of course this assumes that all the 'inscriptions' are art rather than palaeoepigraphy [pre-writing].One of the stones seems to me to distantly foreshadow the Pictish symbol stone as it is more a geometrical shape than a split slab or found rock.
Next week Alice Roberts will be followed by 360 Production as they continue their behind the scenes look at "Digging for Britain". Perhaps Sigurd Towrie could use the opportunity to bring the story up to date from material gathered since his last report. Hamish Mowatt had been hoping to start up a webpage but a family death and pressure of work have meant that this has had to be put on the backburner, for this year at least. Though not wishing to be involved with material remains such as bones it is possible that he might eventually follow further in the steps of Ronnie Simison (though not alone) if he ends up in the same position - several times in the local papers from 1825 on I have come across reports where the excavator stated his intent to dig the next year or come back for a continuance, and then decades or even a century later still nothing has happened. Of course the modern reasoning is that these sites are being left to posterity and its advances rather than in reality lack of funding or the search for the next big/new site. He has learned about the different factions amongst the archaeologists, and having found that there are still digs in Orkney where finds are collared by those who did not find them now only has faith in ORCA and the County Archaeologist, like Ronnie having been disparaged by some who should know better.
Speaking of which I was surprised to learn that John Hedges is still renting a nearby cottage, over towards Liddle, as he further investigates the prehistoric landscape brought to light by Ronnie Simison. 'Wedgie' would love another major site to crown his life's work, after an hiatus due to debilitating illness, but apart from one eventually disappointing 'settlement' has been unlucky thus far. Apparently the great man has made many reports and such on his work at this time. However I must imagine this has been in the nature of what they call 'grey literature' as apart from a initial outline in "The Orcadian" things have been quiet [one would dread it going the same way as the digs at Skaill in Deerness]. We would love an interim 'work in progress' article in the paper guv.
Next it were time for lunch. They do light meals such as baked taties, sandwiches and paninis for IIRC £3.50-5.00. Cooking with local produce. Main meals £10.95. Clotted cream tea very filling for four pounds fifty. Several desserts for the discerning palate.
The Blide Trust were making enquiries about a fishing trip. Then on the skyline Hamish showed me the mounds Ronnie had investigated between here and the Tomb of The Eagles, and described one in particular, inviting me back to the neighbourhood to see more. I had to be virtually dragged away. Ah, if I had money or transport. Closest are four turf-covered mounds that may be natural. Next comes a group of six low stone cairns averaging 28 feet across and two high, with the largest a fraction over half as high again and forty-eight feet in diameter. These are now described as disturbed - in 1973 Ronnie had trenched two and it is easy to imagine him having gone on to the rest next. The NGR is given as ND46128326 but a 1997 survey gives this as ND460432 with additionally a possibly prehistoric mound at ND462833. Ronnie is known two have dug two mounds with drystane wall kerbs and the O.S. thought one might be linked by a causeway to yet another [double BA house ??]. Further along a probable animal pound (a term almost as useless for dating as "enclosure") had been formed by walling off the SW end of a promontory an area some sixty by forty metres, and has another kerbed cairn within (at ND46338323) that he was investigating at the time of the O.S. visit [is that what I saw on first alighting ?? Too big]. Underneath a cairn of more recent vintage grass covers a mound 2' high and about 8m diameter. There ws a double kerb found at the south around a body of stones with some earth, with small horizontal slabs between the twa kerbs - a trench at the SW, then unfinished, found two stones of purpose unknown but larger than the fill. The inner arc seemed to be drystane walling but the outer had been made from larger blocks, both being in courses. If you do go this way to the Tomb of The Eagles don't forget to go back by way of the burnt mound to the Simison's museum and cafe so you can pay the tomb's entrance fee. Fair do's.
Starting for Kirkwall the massively ugly tires at Burwick are offset for me by the sight of the grass dressed iron age fort (though you have to know where it is to see it). Full steam ahead. And boy did I. Straight home to strip off and collops.
Any errors and omissions are mine
Labels: Banks Tomb, Ladykirk Stone, Liddel, Liddle, Neolithic signs, palaeoepigraphy, St Magnus Boat, St Ninian's Chapel, Tomb of the Otters
